敦煌漢文佛教寫卷點校本工作手冊

敦煌漢文佛教寫卷點校本工作手冊
Critical Editions of Chinese Buddhist Dunhuang Manuscripts（Markup manual）
Date: 2014-2-14 Author: Zhang Boyong 張伯雍

本計畫為中華佛研所、馬德偉博士（Dr. Marcus Bingenheimer, Temple University）、太史文博士（Dr. Stephen F. Teiser, Princeton University）與大英圖書館國際敦煌專案（International Dunhuang Project, IDP）的合作專案。專案說明詳見計畫書。

寫卷數位化

數位化的寫卷標題範例：lengqieszj-S-4272.xml。S-4272 為敦煌文獻號碼。
所使用的標記規範為 TEI P5

寫卷結構與標記

• 以敦煌寫卷「件」為單位，即每一個檔案即為一件敦煌寫卷（如 S.4272）
  

行號標記例	<lb xml:id="S-4272-0001"/>
空格標記例	<space unit="char" extent="1"/>	S-4272-0008
異寫字標記例	<reg>偽</reg>	S-4272-0005
	<choice><orig><g ref="#A04441-003"/></orig><reg>障</reg></choice>	S-4272-0013
難辨字標記例	<gap unit="char" extent="1"/>	P-3703-0011
取代標記例	<subst><del>无</del><add>有</add></subst>	S-4272-0005
	<subst><del><gap reason="illegible" unit="chars" extent="1"/></del><add>心</add></subst>	S-4272-0021
	<subst><del><choice><orig><g ref="#A03580-001"/></orig><reg>薩</reg></choice></del><add place="inline-right">提</add></subst>	P-3436-0037
插入標記例	<add place="inline-right">性</add>	S-4272-0009
倒乙標記例	出<add place="inline-right">㆑</add>不	（不出） P-3436-0037
	<choice><orig><g ref="#A04688-002"/></orig><reg>魏</reg></choice>朝<add place="inline-right"><note resp="hand2">向上</note></add>苐二	（苐二魏朝） P-3436-0110
補充修改標記例	<add place="margin-bottom">軰</add>	P-3436-0056
破損標記例	<damage>使鬼神</damage>	P-3436-0057
	<damage unit="chars" extent="1"/>	P-3436-0011
字跡不清標記例	<unclear>斷</unclear>	P-3436-0070

進階說明──文字轉錄原則

• 原則一、不論原文使用何種字體（楷書、行書、草書等），皆轉錄為楷書（楷化）。
  
• 原則二、Unicode 有提供字型者，按原字形轉錄。如：㘴，不轉錄為教育部標準字體（正字）「坐」。
  

Non-Unicode Variants - attested 萬國碼未收之異體字──已確認 1.萬國碼未收之字形。The variant character is not in Unicode. 2.教育部異體字字典有收錄者。It is attested in the "Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants" 教育部異體字字典 (Ministry of Education, RoC, 2012). Current Query Interface: http://dict2.variants.moe.edu.tw/variants/. 3.教育部異體字字典對該字的編號會記錄在<g>@ref標記中。 <g>@ref points to a header item which references the character number of the variant in the MoE Dictionary. 4.能夠以所對應的正字表達出來。 It can be represented by a semantically equivalent common character (通用字).	Ex.1: S-4272-0002: 為除忘相<choice><orig><g ref="#A03335-005"/></orig><reg>修</reg></choice>行六度
Non-Unicode Variants - unattested 萬國碼未收之異體字──未確認 1.萬國碼與教育部異體字字典均未收錄。The character is neither in Unicode nor in the MoE Dictionary. 2.但字形結構上能夠分辨者。 Use this only for characters where the stroke count is clearly legible.	Ex.1: S-4272-0022: 度眾生過去<reg>逢</reg>无量恒
"Unclear" Characters 模糊字 1.<unclear> 是一個較鬆散的解釋，此類字多受到摹寫字跡以及古代字形的影響。<unclear> is much open to interpretation. It is influenced strongly by the quality of the facsimile and the level of paleographic skills. 2.標記此類文字時通常需借助其他版本的文獻，而不能由文本直接辨認出來。We use it in this project when the character and its stroke structure are not recognizable on their own, but only by comparing with other versions. 3.所有的<unclear>都能理解為某個正字，但與<reg>不同的是<unclear>文字結構模糊，而<reg>的文字結構清晰。All <unclear> are understood as 通用字, this form of regularization differes from <reg>, however, because with <unclear> the intended variant is unknown. With <reg> the shape/stroke structure of the variant character is seen.	Ex.1: P-3703-0001: 無有邊<unclear>畔坐</unclear>
Significant spaces 文中的空格 1.另起一段或徵引文獻時。Intentional, significant space before new sections (Ex. 1) or quotations (Ex.1). 2.文獻末尾空格不標記。No <space> needed at end of a Ms folio.	Ex.1: S-4272-0008 - S-4272-0010: 為中道<space unit="char" extent="2"/>苐三齊朝 人年十四遇達摩禪師 真登佛果<space unit="char" extent="1"/>楞伽経云
Character(s) added in the Ms. 插入字 1.文中有人插入文字。Character(s) added by a scribe in the Ms. 2.大致描述插入字位置。@place gives rough description where to find it.	Ex.1: S-4272-0009: 禪師俗<add place="inline-right">性</add>姖武窂人
Character(s) Overwrite other Character(s): 覆蓋字 被覆蓋的字若不清楚則使用<gap>，清楚則轉錄出來，不確定則使用<unclear>。If the overwritten character is illegible use <gap>, if legible give character, if unsure use <unclear>.	Ex.1: S-4272-0021: 為是知眾生識<subst><del><gap reason="illegible" unit="chars" extent="1"/></del><add>心</add></subst>自度
Damaged but recognizable characters 破損字 <damage>與<unclear>近似，標記中直接使用正字。（範例中的字也可以識別為「忕」或「𢗗」，此處依另一版本。）<damage> is similar to <unclear> in that the text provided should be considered 通用字 as the variant can not be distinguished clearly.	Ex.1: P-3703-0001 : 時<damage>狀</damage>𠰥	字型工具 最好安裝 Unicode Super-CJK Fonts v6.0